Abstract
Fully developed, statistically steady turbulent flow in straight, curved and helically coiled pipes is studied by means of direct numerical simulation to show the influence of curvature and torsion on turbulent flow. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, expressed in an orthogonal helical coordinate system, are integrated numerically by using second order central schemes in space and time. Besides the mean flow quantities and the rms values, vector plots and the stream function are shown to give an impression of the induced mean secondary flow.
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