Abstract
Direct measurements of sediment sound speed were made near Panama City, Florida in April 2011. Considerable effort is being made to provide detailed environmental characterization for an upcoming mid-frequency sound propagation and reverberation experiment in 2013 and the measurements presented here are part of that effort. Two direct measurement systems are shown: one is called the Sediment Acoustic-speed Measurement System (SAMS) and the other is the attenuation array which was deployed in the Sediment Acoustics Experiment 2004. SAMS consists of ten fixed sources and one receiver. The receiver is driven into the seabed by a motor, which allows precise penetration depth up to 3 m with arbitrary step size. Measurements were made in the frequency range of 1 – 50 kHz. The attenuation array consists of two transmitters and two receivers mounted on a diver-deployable frame and can provide surficial sediment sound speed and attenuation to a depth of about 10 cm between 40 and 260 kHz. Sediment sound speeds obt...
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