Abstract
The magnetoelectric (ME) response in a trilayer structure consisting of magnetostrictive Fe77.5B15Si17.5 amorphous microwires between two piezoelectric PZT (PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3) layers was investigated. Soft magnetic properties of wires make it possible to operate under weak bias magnetic fields below 400 A/m. Enhanced ME voltage coefficients were found when the microwires were excited by ac magnetic field of a frequency of 50–60 kHz, which corresponded to the frequency of electromechanical resonance. The as-prepared microwires were in a glass coat creating a large thermoelastic stress and forming a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The effect of glass-coat removal and wire annealing on ME coupling was investigated. The glass coat not only affects the wire magnetic structure but also prevents the interfacial bonding between the electric and magnetic subsystems. However, after its removal, the ME coefficient increased slightly less than 10%. Refining the micromagnetic structure and increasing the magnetostriction by stress release during wire annealing (before or after glass removal) strongly increases the ME response up to 100 mV/(cm × Oe) and reduces the characteristic DC magnetic field down to 240 A/m. Although the achieved ME coefficient is smaller than reported values for multilayered films with layers of PZT and soft magnetic alloys as Metglass, the proposed system is promising considering a small volume proportion of microwires.
Highlights
Composite multiferroics have recently drawn considerable interest as promising multifunctional materials owing to large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling [1,2]
We have demonstrated that high ME coefficients are obtained at weak bias magnetic fields, which correlates with the magnetization reversal of the microwires
The enhancement of the ME voltage due to glass coat removal and annealing was demonstrated. This was justified by the increase in the magnetostriction parameter and its field gradient along with the improvements in interface bonding
Summary
Composite multiferroics have recently drawn considerable interest as promising multifunctional materials owing to large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling [1,2]. In the direct ME effect, the electric polarization or voltage can be changed or generated by an applied magnetic field: E = αME ∆H (1) ∆V (2) b ∆H. In Equations (1) and (2), αME is the magnetoelectric coefficient, ∆V is the voltage output produced by changing the applied magnetic field ∆H and b is the sample thickness. Natural single-phase multiferroics based on complex micromagnetic structure show giant ME effect but typically at low temperatures [3]. Materials 2020, 13, 916 demonstrate giant ME response at room temperatures as a result of cross-interactions between the both phases [4]. The ME coefficient strongly depends on the condition of ferromagnetic–ferroelectric interfaces For this reason, layered ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structures are efficient ME materials at room temperatures [5,6]. Amorphous alloy metglass typically produced in the form of ribbons is attractive for achieving large ME response at weak magnetic fields
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