Direct injection analysis of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface and drinking water by sample filtration and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

We developed and validated a method for direct determination of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in environmental water samples without prior sample concentration. Samples are centrifuged and supernatants passed through an Acrodisc Filter (GXF/GHP 0.2 um, 25 mm diameter). After addition of ammonium acetate, samples are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS using an AB Sciex 6500 plus Q-Trap mass spectrometer operated in negative multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. The instrument system incorporates a delay column between the pumps and autosampler to mitigate interference from background PFAS. The method monitors eight short-/long-chain PFAS which are identified by monitoring specific precursor product ion pairs and by their retention times and quantified using isotope mass-labeled internal standard based calibration plots. Average spiked recoveries (n = 8) of target analytes ranged from 84 to 110% with 4–9% relative standard deviation (RSD). The mean spiked recoveries (n = 8) of four surrogates were 94–106% with 3–8% RSD. For continuous calibration verification (CCV), average spiked recoveries (n = 8) for target analytes ranged from 88 to 114% with 4–11% RSD and for surrogates ranged from 104–112% with 3–11% RSD. The recoveries (n = 6) of matrix spike (MX), matrix spike duplicate (MXD), and field reagent blank (FRB) met our acceptance criteria. The limit of detection for the target analytes was between 0.007 and 0.04 ng/mL. The method was used to measure PFAS in tap water and surface water.