Direct Infusion Metabolomics of the Photosystem and Chlorophyll Related Metabolites within a Drought Tolerant Plant Introduction of Glycine max.

Kevin J. Zemaitis,Troy D. Wood,Heng Ye,Henry T. Nguyen

doi:10.3390/metabo11120843

Abstract

Drought is the most prolific form of abiotic stress that legumes and cereal plants alike can endure, and the planting of an improper cultivar at the beginning of a season can cause unexpected losses up to fifty percent under water deficient conditions. Herein, a plant introduction (PI) of an exotic cultivar of soybean (Glycine max), PI 567731, which demonstrates a slow wilting (SW) canopy phenotype in maturity group III, was profiled under drought conditions in field trials in Missouri against a drought susceptible check cultivar, Pana. Metabolomic profiling was carried out on samples of leaves from each of these cultivars at V5 and R2 growth stages both while irrigated and while under drought stress for three weeks. PI 567731 was observed to have differential phytochemical content, and enhanced levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a/b and pheophytin (Pheo) were profiled by direct infusion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Indicating drought induced changes of the photosystem and photosynthetic capabilities alongside water preservation strategies are important within the SW phenotype drought response. Subsequent multivariate analysis was able to form predictive models, encompassing the variance of growth and drought stress of the cultivar. Moreover, the existence of unique Chl-related metabolites (CRM) (m/z > 900) were confirmed through tandem mass spectrometry. The resultant coordination of fatty acids to the core of the porphyrin ring was observed and played an unknown role in the proliferation of the photosynthesis. However, the relative ratio of the most abundant CRM is undisturbed by drought stress in PI 567731, in contrast to the drought susceptible cultivar. These results provide key insights into drought related metabolic mechanisms.

Highlights

Agricultural crops can endure a matrix of stress resulting from a variety of sources including biotic or abiotic stressors such as drought, flooding, and salinity, or nutrient availability [1]
plant introduction (PI) 567731, a slow canopy wilting (SW) phenotype in MGIII with a profiled quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 10 was profiled in drought stress field trials against Pana, a drought susceptible cultivar of Glycine max
Further studies will be completed to fully profile the PI cultivar for agricultural value, multivariate analysis confirmed that the flux exhibited by drought stress detected by DI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) in the PI 567731 was less extensive than that exhibited by the susceptible cultivar

Summary

Introduction

Agricultural crops can endure a matrix of stress resulting from a variety of sources including biotic or abiotic stressors such as drought, flooding, and salinity, or nutrient availability [1]. More recent works identifying the importance of slow canopy wilting (SW) phenotypes for their potential stress tolerance in water deficient environments [4]. Legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max), have a particular intolerance to water deficiency in the early stages of growth and flowering, where a decrease in water availability by half can result in up to a loss of half the expected yields [5]. With persistent changes in climate predicted, further detrimental impacts on agriculture in the coming decades are to be expected [6], creating a present need for further understanding of positive and negative water deficient responses

Methods

Results

Conclusion