Abstract
We present a nonlinear X-ray technique which provides a spatial electron density image of valence electron excitations. The technique combines a visible pump and an X-ray pulse and yields snapshots of the transition charge densities.
Highlights
X-ray diffraction from molecules in the ground state produces an image of their charge density and time-resolved X-ray diffraction can monitor the motion of the nuclei
The density change of excited valence electrons upon optical excitation can barely be monitored with regular diffraction techniques due to the overwhelming dominant background contribution of the core electrons
We present a nonlinear X-ray technique made possible by novel free electron laser sources, which provides a spatial electron density image of valence electron excitations
Summary
X-ray diffraction from molecules in the ground state produces an image of their charge density and time-resolved X-ray diffraction can monitor the motion of the nuclei. The density change of excited valence electrons upon optical excitation can barely be monitored with regular diffraction techniques due to the overwhelming dominant background contribution of the core electrons. We present a nonlinear X-ray technique made possible by novel free electron laser sources, which provides a spatial electron density image of valence electron excitations.
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