Direct Identification of Pyrene Metabolites in Organs of the Isopod Porcellio scaber by Fluorescence Line Narrowing Spectroscopy

Abstract

Fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy is a cryogenic, high-resolution, laser fluorescence technique that, in principle, can be used for analysis of fluorophores in a variety of solvents. In the present paper, it is shown that FLN can be directly applied to biological matrixes without any sample preparation. For terrestrial isopods exposed to pyrene, the metabolites 1-hydroxypyrene and pyreneglucoside (as well as pyrene itself) could be identified directly in the gut and in the hepatopancreas. The organs concerned were simply frozen down to 11 K, and FLN spectra were recorded. Also for isopods collected in the field, the presence of pyreneglucoside in the hepatopancreas could be shown. Identification was performed by using available spectra of pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene; pyreneglucoside was synthesized using a modified uridinediphosphate glucuronyl transferase assay.