Abstract
Using the records of the oblique-incidence, sweep-frequency (1-25 Mc/s) scatter sounder located at College, Alaska, we show that a commonly observed winter daytime echo is direct scatter from a patch of field-aligned F-region irregularities. The range of this particular echo is constant with frequency out to its junction with the least-time-path echo. Because it is not enhanced by any type of focusing mechanism, we term it a strong-scatter echo. A series of records for December 16, 1958, is shown and discussed in detail. The behavior of the strong-scatter F-region echo and another F-region direct-scatter echo during the transitional periods of sunrise and sunset indicates that the field-aligned irregularities are distributed randomly over wide areas at night but that during the day they exist only in relatively small patches. From this we infer that the sun has a smoothing effect on the ionosphere.
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