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Abstract
We have investigated the stability of O-polar $\text{ZnO}\text{ }(000\overline{1})\text{\ensuremath{-}}(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ surfaces with photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. We present direct evidence of quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formation $({N}_{2D}\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ at the O-face from our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies. These findings are discussed in terms of hydrogenation of the O-face by chemisorptions process and the energetic location of the charge-neutrality level of ZnO. Our results reveal insight into the role of hydrogen in forming the quasi-2DEG and stabilizing the O-polar nonreconstructed surface.
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