Direct estimation of voltage phasor, frequency and its rate of change using Newton's iterative method

Abstract

A new approach to the design of a digital algorithm for direct estimation of voltage phasor, frequency and its rate of change is presented. The algorithm derived is based on Newton's iterative method, very commonly used in the field of unconstrained optimization studies. A five-parameter voltage model was assumed, so the result of the estimation was a parameter vector, consisting of the following unknown parameters of the voltage signal processed: its DC component, magnitude, phase angle, frequency and its rate of change. To demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, off-line computer simulation results are presented. The algorithm showed high measurement accuracy over a wide range of frequency changes. The algorithm ‘order two convergence’ provided a very good dynamic response as well as a fast algorithm adaptability. The new algorithm seems to be a particularly useful tool in the field of frequency relaying as well as in various aspects of power engineering applications.