Abstract
A buoy‐based GPS receiver and meteorological sensor are used to estimate directly the absolute precipitable water (PW) overlying a coastal ocean site 8 km from shore. During an 11‐day experiment, one‐second GPS data collected at the buoy and at a shore station are combined with 30‐second data from four distant GPS stations to estimate the buoy position, zenith wet delay, phase biases, and receiver and satellite clocks using double‐differenced phase processing with ambiguity resolution. GPS‐derived PW at the buoy compared to radiosonde measurements (20) and to half‐hourly GPS‐PW values (384) from the nearby shore station show an rms agreement of ±1.5 mm and ±1.8 mm, respectively. Hourly means (170) of the GPS‐measured vertical motion of the buoy show a ±24 mm rms agreement with a NOAA tide gauge, equivalent to about 4 mm of PW. GPS‐derived PW from buoys may have the potential to improve weather forecasting, calibration of satellite‐based sensors, and climate studies.
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