Abstract
The direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was described. The electrode was modified with ZnO nanoparticles. Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c in this paste electrode was easily achieved, and a pair of well-defined quasireversible redox peaks of a heme Fe (III)/Fe(II) couple appeared with a formal potential (E0) of −0.303 V (versus SCE) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The fabricated modified bioelectrode showed good electrocatalytic ability for reduction of H2O2. The preparation process of the proposed biosensor was convenient, and the resulting biosensor showed high sensitivity, low detection limit, and good stability.
Highlights
Many fields of nanotechnology are based on physical and chemical interactions, involving nanoparticles of particular size and shape
Electrochemical detection is of particular significance in the development of aptasensors since it allows for high sensitivity and selectivity, simple instrumentation, as well as low endogenetic background [6]
The morphologies and particle sizes of the samples were characterized by JEM200CX transmission electron microscopy (TEM) working at 200 kV, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained with a ZIESS EM 902A scanning electron microscope
Summary
Many fields of nanotechnology are based on physical and chemical interactions, involving nanoparticles of particular size and shape. The interest of researchers and engineers in gas and liquid-sensitive materials has grown substantially due to the progress in nanotechnology [4] This interest is primarily connected to the promising electronic properties of nanomaterials, their size dependence, and the possibility of controlling the material structure by using new experimental techniques. Electrochemical sensors provide unlimited opportunities for monitoring environments and making the world safer and cleaner [5, 6] Such devices meet the environmental and security demands for monitoring electroactive pollutants or threat agents with high sensitivity, selectivity, and temporal resolution [7, 8]. The modifiers of these modified electrodes are organic [25] or inorganic [24, 25] compounds They were found to promote the direct electron transfer of Cyt c at electrode surfaces. Many methods for protein immobilization are extensively investigated, such as physical and biophysical methods [27, 28]
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