Abstract
Abstract Supercapacitors with high power density, ultralong lifespan and wide range operating temperature have drawn significant attention in recent years. However, monitoring the state of charge in supercapacitors in a cost-effective and flexible way is still challenging. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction can analyze the characteristics of supercapacitor well. But with large size and high price, they are not suitable for daily monitoring of the supercapacitors’ operation. In this paper, a low cost and easily fabricated fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) probe is proposed to monitor the state of charge of the electrode in a supercapacitor. The Au nanoparticles were loading on the fiber core as LSPR sensing region. In order to implant the fiber in the supercapacitor, a reflective type of fiber sensor was used. The results show that this tiny fiber-optic LSPR sensor can provide online monitoring of the state of charge during the charging and discharging process in situ. The intensity shift in LSPR sensor has a good linear relationship with the state of charge calculated by standard galvanostatic charging and discharging test. In addition, this LSPR sensor is insensitive to the temperature change, presenting a great potential in practical applications.
Highlights
With the rapid growth of global energy demand, the development of highly efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage devices is essential for better energy utilization
The fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor we proposed can monitor the state of charge in supercapacitors in real time, instead of just a “calculated capacity” by cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve
We demonstrate that the fiberoptic LSPR sensor can be used in real-time online monitoring of the state of charge in the supercapacitor
Summary
With the rapid growth of global energy demand, the development of highly efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage devices is essential for better energy utilization. Supercapacitors, called as ultracapacitors, are very promising energy storage devices with high power density, high charge/discharge rates, long cycle life and simple mechanism [1, 2]. In order to better understand the principle, Cui’s group utilized cryo-electron microscopy to observe the sensitive battery materials and interfaces with atomic resolution It can help in understanding the mechanisms, especially the reason of failure in a high-energy battery [14]. We present a multimode fiber-optic based LSPR sensor, which does not require special equipment and is easy to fabricate It can be implanted in a supercapacitor for in situ monitoring of MnO2 growth on the electrode and the state of charge in the charge-discharge process. The sensor performance is measured at different temperatures to test its reliability in the supercapacitor
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