Abstract
Scholars and pundits alike have begun to recognize that initiatives and referenda do not simply “keep to themselves.” On the contrary, scholars have found that direct legislation meaningfully shapes the political lives of citizens. Not only do initiatives and referenda influence public policy (Boehmke 2005; Gerber 1999; Glazer and McGann, this volume; Matsusaka 2004) and governance (see Boehmke, Dalton, and Matsusaka, this volume) but they also shape the political behavior and attitudes of citizens (Bowler, Nicholson, and Segura 2006; Nicholson 2005; Smith 2001; Smith and Tolbert 2004). Direct legislation boosts the civic life of states by increasing political interest (Tolbert and Bowen, this volume), participation (Smith 2001; Smith and Tolbert 2004), political knowledge (Pantoja and Segura 2003; Smith 2002), and political efficacy (Bowler and Donovan 2002).
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