Abstract
The reported catalytic system demonstrates the possibility of efficient mass production of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) from inexpensive raw materials. The direct coupling of propylene oxide, water, and CO was catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cobalt tetracarbonyl ([Bmim][Co(CO)4]) ionic liquid to form 3-HBA with >99% conversion (49% selectivity) under mild conditions.
Highlights
Introduction βHydroxy carboxylic acids are one of the key intermediates in the production of poly(βhydroxy carboxylic acids), α,β-unsaturated acids, 1,3-alkanediols, β-hydroxyesters, β-hydroxyamides, β-hydroxyaldehydes, and 1,3-dicarboxylic acids [1,2]
By using the [Bmim][Co(CO)4 ] and methanol, we recently reported the direct conversion of propylene oxide (PO) to methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate [14]
The result indicated that the formation of side products, namely 1,2-PD and acetone, catalyst, and its high miscibility with water renders it as a suitable solvent for PO carbonylation
Summary
Methylimidazolium tetracarbonylcobaltate ([Bmim][Co(CO)4])] has received great attention for quaternary cobaltate. The result indicated that the formation of side products, namely 1,2-PD and acetone, catalyst, and its high miscibility with water renders it as a suitable solvent for PO carbonylation. The reaction was performed under 4 MPa of CO to investigate side product formation (entry 4), and the same result as that of entry 3 was observed. Another blank reaction performed by decreasing the temperature from 75 to 40 ◦ C under an argon atmosphere did not result in acetone formation, which indicated that acetone formation was completely reduced (entry 5) when carbonylation was performed at a lower temperature.
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