Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have recently been identified as a promising light absorber for solar cells. In the efficient solar cells, the perovskite active layer has generally been fabricated by either vapor deposition or two-step sequential deposition process. Herein, electrochemically deposited PbO film is in situ converted into CH3NH3PbI3 through solid-state reaction with adjacent CH3NH3I layer, exhibiting a large-scale flat and uniform thin film with fully substrate coverage. The resultant planar heterojunction photovoltaic device yields a best power conversion efficiency of 14.59% and an average power conversion efficiency of 13.12 ± 1.08% under standard AM 1.5 conditions. This technique affords a facile and environment-friendly method for the fabrication of the perovskite based solar cells with high reproducibility, paving the way for the practical application.
Highlights
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have recently been identified as a promising light absorber for solar cells
A certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.9% was reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)13
It was found that the device performance was strongly determined by the morphology and structure of the perovskite active layer, which is in turn relied on the deposition methods15–26
Summary
We report that the perovskite can be successfully prepared through direct conversion of the electrodeposited PbO on c-TiO2-coated FTO glass substrate by reacting with adjacent CH3NH3I layer, allowing for a large-scale flat and uniform thin film with fully substrate coverage. We tried to prepare PbI2 film by spin coating method, and in situ being converted to the perovskite according to the reported method27 The device (denoted as device 1) was constructed with a structure of FTO/c-TiO2 (~80 nm)/ CH3NH3PbI3 (~350 nm)/Spiro-OMeTAD (150 nm)/Au (80 nm) (see Fig. S4) Another device was prepared with the same architecture except for the perovskite active layer fabricated starting from PbI2 according to the previous report (denoted as device 2). The combination of simple control of deposit thickness, low processing temperature, low cost of equipment, large-scale, high reproducibility and environmental friendly process, will make this method as a promising technique for the practical production of the perovskite and other thin film photovoltaics
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