Direct and accumulative DNA damage level in patients underwent coronary CT angiography

Abstract

Background and objectiveCoronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is a highly accurate non-invasive diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease, and concerns exist about the potential DNA damage caused by the ionizing radiation it employs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CCTA radiation on DNA damage. Materials and methodsFor each 45 participating patients, both pre-and post-radiation, blood samples were collected at two different time points: (first group = 25) blood samples were collected 1 h after exposure CT, and (second group = 20) blood samples were collected 24 h of post-exposure. Before radiation exposure, baseline blood samples were collected from all participants to establish a reference point representing their normal biological parameters. Various factors were documented, including patient characteristics like age, gender, weight, and height, as well as exposure factors kV, mA, DLP, and CTDIvol. The study's practical aspect encompassed applying three specific methods: measurement of peripheral DNA damage level by alkaline comet assay, 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, and total antioxidant status. The statistical analysis was carried out using JMP Pro 14.3.0. ResultsThe results showed a non-significant increase in 8-OHdG levels for two sample groups. The mean levels for TAOS before exposure were 0.62 ± 0.13 U/ml and 0.53 ± 0.18 U/ml, respectively. After exposure, there was a non-significant decrease in the first sample (p-value 0.4416), but a significant decrease in the second sample (p-value 0.0104). An increase in DNA damage was observed in patients after CCTA radiation compared to the non-exposed group. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage level (% Tail DNA) in lymphocytes between both groups. ConclusionOptimizing CCTA dose parameters and utilizing prospective techniques are considered the best approaches for reducing radiation exposure effectively. These strategies contribute to patient safety and align with the overarching goal of maintaining the highest diagnostic accuracy.