Abstract
The distribution of aquatic insects has been poorly explored in quantitative analyses aiming at the historical reconstruction of area relationships in the Neotropics. Ephemeroptera is an ancient group, characterized by its low vagility, and of high richness and endemicity in this region. Systematic knowledge of the group has enormously increased in the last decades, achieving a sufficient background to explore biogeographical historical patterns. Our aim is to reconstruct area history in the Neotropics using the rationale of Barrier biogeography (Hovenkamp protocol). We present eleven mayfly phylogenies, representing groups that evolved independently at least from the Jurassic (i.e., not a one-taxon history). With these groups, we conducted independent biogeographical analyses (using Vicariance Inference Program), and extracted the events that repeated in two or more clades. We found fifty-eight TVEs (Traceable Vicariant Events), from which four were found at least twice, thus constituting SVEs (Supported Vicariant Events).
Highlights
Vicariance is one of the most frequently reported historical processes explaining large-scale biogeographical patterns since Croizat (1958) vigorously defended the concept
The aim of the present paper is to identify vicariant events in the Neotropics using different mayfly taxa
Publications referring to Neotropical mayfly phylogenies at the species level were selected
Summary
Vicariance is one of the most frequently reported historical processes explaining large-scale biogeographical patterns since Croizat (1958) vigorously defended the concept. Much debate and many methods have dealt with the way in which area and organism distribution should be studied to identify vicariance (e.g., Hennig 1966, Brundin 1966, Rosen 1978, Nelson and Platnick 1981, Brooks 1990, Ronquist 1997, Hausdorf and Hennig 2003, Ebach and Williams 2016). Using a cladogram and the distribution of its terminals, Hovenkamp (1997) proposed a protocol to detect traceable vicariance events (TVEs), comparing the distribution of all sister taxa. Comparing the information from different taxa, supported vicariance events (SVEs) would ideally be found. This protocol was partially implemented by Biological Sciences
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