Abstract
The analysis of corrosion inhibitors in the presence and absence of an oil matrix is reported using electrospray ionization (ESI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), hyphenated with miniaturized high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and mass spectrometry (MS). The target analytes were successfully ionized in solution by ESI and directly from steel surfaces using DESI ambient ionization at levels ≥0.0004% w/w (4 ppm) in oil. Differences in the mass spectral profiles observed for the additive/oil mixture are attributed to differences between the ESI and DESI ionization processes. The use of FAIMS improved selectivity for ESI generated analyte ions through reduction in the chemical noise resulting from the oil matrix. DESI enabled the direct, rapid, native state interrogation of oil samples on steel surfaces without sample pretreatment, and the hyphenation of DESI with the miniaturized FAIMS enhanced the relative analyte responses of the surface-active corrosion inhibitors.
Highlights
In the lubricating oil market, the mass spectrometric analysis of additives from surfaces can provide information regarding the age, composition, and degradation state of the formulation.[3,4] A wide range of atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, including atmospheric pressure photoionization,[5,6] matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI),[7] and electrospray ionization (ESI),[8] have been employed for analytical studies of oil samples
This study demonstrates the application of field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)-mass spectrometry (MS), combined with ESI and Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) ionization, to the targeted analysis of additives present at low levels in an oil matrix, using a series of surface active corrosion inhibitors as model compounds
The analysis of oil/additive mixtures on steel surfaces is the first hyphenation of DESI with FAIMS-MS for the direct analysis of oil additives without sample preparation
Summary
In the lubricating oil market, the mass spectrometric analysis of additives from surfaces can provide information regarding the age, composition, and degradation state of the formulation.[3,4] A wide range of atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, including atmospheric pressure photoionization,[5,6] matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI),[7] and electrospray ionization (ESI),[8] have been employed for analytical studies of oil samples. We demonstrate the hyphenation of ESI and DESI with FAIMS-MS using a miniaturized FAIMS device for the targeted analysis of surface active corrosion inhibitors in the presence of an oil matrix.
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