Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulant Choice for Stroke Prevention in Obese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

Anticoagulation with direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is recommended over warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The efficacy of DOACs over warfarin in obese patients with AF is less defined and may carry the potential for subtherapeutic anticoagulation and reduced efficacy. The best available evidence to guide DOAC use in obese patients with AF is from analysis of obese subgroups of all the major landmark DOAC trials. From these subgroup analyses of the RE-LY, ARISTOTLE, ENGAGE-AF TIMI 48, and ROCKET-AF trials, DOAC use in obese patients demonstrated efficacy similar or superior to warfarin for stroke reduction. Major bleeding rates were similar or higher with DOACs compared with warfarin in these obese subgroup analyses. Meta-analysis of the above major clinical trials concluded that DOACs were more effective compared with warfarin for stroke prevention in obese patients (up to a body mass index [BMI] of 50 kg/m2) and had lower incidence of major bleeding. The totality of evidence supports that DOACs are as effective, if not superior, to warfarin in obese patients with AF. We propose an algorithm, based on the available evidence and current guidelines, to guide the use of DOACs based on severity of obesity. Any DOAC can be used in obese patients with BMI < 40 kg/m2. In patients with a BMI of 40-50 kg/m2, warfarin should be used, but apixaban or edoxaban can be considered. In obese patients with a BMI > 50 kg/m2, warfarin should be used.