Abstract
Urinalysis is an essential diagnostic tool for urinary tract infections, kidney disease, diabetes, and other clinical conditions. Dipsticks, which allow for quick screening of urine specimens, are used in the clinic settings to identify the presence and concentration of labeled substances such as urine pH, urine protein, urine glucose, urine ketone, and urine nitrite. This paper reviews four urine dry chemical analysis methods, which are based on human eyes, integrating sphere, color sensors, and image sensors, respectively. The techniques of each method are also discussed.
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