Dipole and higher multipole particle creation in the steady state universe

Abstract

view Abstract Citations References (13) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Dipole and Higher Multipole Particle Creation in the Steady State Universe Liboff, Richard L. Abstract The birth of a particle in an otherwise empty universe is studied. The particle is a sphere is a sphere of radius a, with unifrom mass density and surface charge density corresponding to a point dipole p, at the origin. Consistent with equsions of general relativity and Maxwell's equations, gravity and dipole fields propagate away from the particle's initiation with the speed of light. Field energies are supplied by the particle's mass which subsequently decays in time. Asmotic solution to a nonlinear equation for the remaining mass gives the following criterion for the mass to survive the expanding fields: mzero c2 greater than u p, where up is identically = p2/3a3 is the self-energy of the dipole particle. A similar relation is derived for all higher order multipole particles resulting in a parallel inequality with u p replaced by the self-energy of the multipole particle. In all such events, from the monopole to all higher multipole particles, it is found that if the multipole component of self-energy is equated to the starting rest-mass energy of the particle, then the final stae of the system includes a massless multipole particle with its corresponding multipole potential field. As such particles are not observed in nature, it is concluded that for consistency of the steady state universe, the starting rest mass of a multipole particle must exceed the multipole component of its self-energy. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: August 1994 DOI: 10.1086/174467 Bibcode: 1994ApJ...431...69L Keywords: Cosmology; Particle Mass; Particle Production; Stellar Evolution; Universe; Computational Astrophysics; Field Theory (Physics); Relativity; Astrophysics; COSMOLOGY: THEORY; ELEMENTARY PARTICLES full text sources ADS |