Abstract
The background of this article is the existence of a global pandemic COVID-19 which has an impact in various fields. This article seeks to explore the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on information and communications technology (ICT) in the form of digital diplomacy. Exploration is carried out by investigating the case of Indonesian diplomacy at the United Nations (UN) in March, April, and May 2020. The main concept in this article is digital diplomacy. This concept illustrates the use of ICT as a means of diplomacy for state actors and changes at the policy and institutional levels. This article found various digital diplomacy activities from the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations in New York, United States during the global pandemic COVID-19. These activities include: 1) coordination with Indonesia's Embassy and Consulate General in the United States to protect Indonesian citizens; 2) participation in UN Security Council virtual meeting to discuss international peace and security issues; and 3) participation in other UN bodies virtual meetings to discuss international development issues. This article argues that the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic in the field of ICT is reflected in Indonesia's digital diplomacy at the United Nations. The global pandemic COVID-19 changed the means and tools used by Indonesian diplomats to gather information, negotiations, and responses on international issues. Even so, Indonesian diplomacy at the UN continues to run optimally.
Highlights
The background of this article is the existence of a global pandemic COVID-19 which has an impact in various fields
This article seeks to explore the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on information and communications technology (ICT) in the form of digital diplomacy
This article argues that the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic in the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is reflected in Indonesia's digital diplomacy at the United Nations
Summary
Jönsson (2012) menyatakan istilah diplomasi sering digunakan dengan pemaknaan yang berbeda-beda. Pemerintah dari berbagai negara sedang melakukan penyesuaian diri dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk pelaksanaan hubungan luar negeri (Gilboa, 2016). Diplomasi digital secara luas didefinisikan sebagai penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi berbasis internet untuk membantu aktor negara dan non-negara dalam pengelolaan dinamika internasional (Bjola, 2015). Kementerian luar negeri beserta badan pemerintah atau swasta terkait perlu memiliki struktur dan organisasi yang dapat mengelola informasi bagi diplomat agar menjalankan diplomasi digital secara efektif (Holmes, 2016a). Aktor perlu memperoleh dan mengolah data untuk memantau berbagai dinamika internasional berdasarkan struktur politik atau opini publik (Holmes, 2016a). Negara yang menjalankan diplomasi digital hanya memiliki tolak ukur tidak lebih dari konektivitas dan keaktifan pengguna media sosial (Sotiriu, 2016). Dua hal ini tidak dapat menggambarkan dengan baik kemampuan negara dalam diplomasi digital (Sotiriu, 2016). Aspek keterbukaan dan kerahasiaan di tengah data yang melimpah di internet perlu diperhatikan negara dalam menjalankan diplomasi digital (Holmes, 2016b)
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