Dipentamethylene Thiuram Tetrasulfide-Based Cathodes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Henning Kaland,Frode H Fagerli,Nils P Wagner,Jacob Hadler-Jacobsen,Sondre K Schnell,Kjell Wiik

doi:10.1021/acsaem.0c01655

Henning Kaland, Frode H Fagerli + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c01655

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Abstract

Rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) represent a possible route for low-cost energy storage applications, but they are lacking a satisfactory cathode material. Conventional sulfur (S8) cathodes have sh...

Highlights

High-performing, low-cost, and safe energy storage based on abundant and environment-friendly materials is highly desirable for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electric mobility.[1]
New redox chemistries are required for a drastic increase in energy density compared to today’s state-of-the-art Li ion battery (LiB).[1]
The improved performance of the PMTT-derived sulfur composite is attributable to at least one of the following reasons: (1) the molecular mixture of active and inactive components preventing large isolating MgS domains; (2) polysulfide anchoring by PMTT derivates; and (3) covalently bonded sulfur through C−S bonds to the mesoporous carbon formed during the heat treatment

Summary

INTRODUCTION

High-performing, low-cost, and safe energy storage based on abundant and environment-friendly materials is highly desirable for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electric mobility.[1] An extensive case study for Los Angeles indicated that the high cost was a more important factor against electric vehicle adoption than a limited driving range,[2] emphasizing the need for a lower relative battery cost ($ kWh−1). 2, 1y{zzz, where the middle intermediates MgSx,soluble (x = 4−8) are soluble in the electrolyte, whereas the end products MgSy,solid (y = 8/3, 2, and 1) are insoluble, and the exact compositions depend on the electrolyte and the current density used during cycling.[21,23−26] The solubility of the intermediate Mg polysulfides is both an advantage and an inherent challenge, where the solid-to-liquid reaction improves the kinetics and sulfur utilization,[23,28] but the soluble species can and will diffuse to the Mg anode and be reduced.[28] The latter will eventually form a passivating film of electronically and ionically insulating MgS28 but may cause overcharging and/or the so-called polysulfide shuttling. The performance of a PMTT-derived composite with a mesoporous carbon framework is reported

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

■ REFERENCES