Abstract
The road network of metropolitan Rome is determined by a large number of structures located in different geological environments. To maintain security and service conditions, satellite-based monitoring can play a key role, since it can cover large areas by accurately detecting ground displacements due to anthropic activities (underground excavations, interference with other infrastructures, etc.) or natural hazards, mainly connected to the critical hydrogeological events. To investigate the area, two different Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) processing methods were used in this study: the first with open source using the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) of SNAP-StaMPS workflow for Sentinel-1 (SNT1) and the second with the SBAS technique for Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK). The results obtained can corroborate the displacement trends due to the characteristics of the soil and the geological environments. With Sentinel-1 data, we were able to obtain the general deformation overview of the overall highways network, followed by a selection and classification of the PSI content for each section. With Cosmo-SkyMed data, we were able to increase the precision in the analysis for one sample infrastructure for which high-resolution data from CSK were available. Both datasets were demonstrated to be valuable for collecting data useful to understand the safety condition of the infrastructure and to support the maintenance actions.
Highlights
The quantitative assessment of ground displacement affecting infrastructure is traditionally based on ground instrumentation, using automatic total stations, ground, and mobile laser scanners, with sub-centimeter precision that are useful for maintenance processes [1]
Two different Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) processing methods were used in this study: the first with open source using the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP)-Stanford Method for persistent scatterer (PS) (StaMPS) workflow for Sentinel-1 (SNT1) and the second with the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique for Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK)
The hydrogeological environment of the Tiber Delta has a deep and artesian main aquifer located in sand gravel, and it is supported at the base by clays from the lower Pleistocene that act as an aquifer and at the top partially sealed by deposits of clay and limestone of low permeability [40]
Summary
The quantitative assessment of ground displacement affecting infrastructure is traditionally based on ground instrumentation, using automatic total stations, ground, and mobile laser scanners, with sub-centimeter precision that are useful for maintenance processes [1]. The technology used in this work is based on advanced DInSAR approaches [3,4,5,6], which consists of exploiting SAR acquisition sequences collected over long periods of time, acquired in the same geometry, and allows us to extract useful information on the spatial and temporal patterns of displacement detected through the generation of time series, with precision of a centimeter to millimeter [7,8]. The pre-collapse spatial geodetic observations of the Morandi bridge, in [18], propose a methodology for the evaluation of the collapse, based on observations of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and the Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) approach, was applied to the bridge, generating an integral-multi-sensor displacement map of time series, from measurements based on a historical analysis of SAR images, acquired by the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation and the Sentinel-1A/B constellation. Two types of SAR images were used, the first obtained from the Sentinel-1 sensor of ESA (European Space Agency) and the second images obtained from Cosmo-SkyMed of ASI (Agency Italian Space)
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