Dinitrogen Fixation in Kura Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil

Abstract

The quantification of symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes is essential to determine their impact on N budgets. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) are two promising pasture legumes for which such estimates are scarce. Dinitrogen fixation by 2‐ and 3‐yr‐old stands of these species was determined at two locations in Minnesota using the 15N isotope dilution method. Species were evaluated for forage and N yields, the percent of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa), and the amount of fixed N2 at each of four harvests. The results for each parameter varied with location, legume species, and harvest, as demonstrated by a three‐way interaction among these terms. Across environments, both species produced the greatest amount of forage, total N, and fixed N yields at the first harvest. The yields decreased with successive forage harvests at one location but stabilized at the other. The %Ndfa for Kura clover was stable across harvests and environments. The %Ndfa for birdsfoot trefoil varied during the season, with a peak at the end of the season. The yearly total forage, total N, and fixed N yields of Kura clover were stable across environments, and the total N and fixed N yields were greater than those of birdsfoot trefoil at one location. Overall, Kura clover fixed about 155 kg N ha−1 yr−1, with a %Ndfa of 57; birdsfoot trefoil had amounts of fixed N2 that varied with locations (avg. of 145 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and it obtained about 62% of its herbage N from fixation.