Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) is the most commonly used trypanolytic agent in livestock. We previously showed that Berenil downregulates Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense)-induced cytokine production in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which the drug alters T. congolense-induced cytokine production in macrophages. We show that pretreatment of macrophages with Berenil significantly downregulated T. congolense-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins including STAT1 and STAT3, and NFκB activity both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal a mechanistic insight through which Berenil downregulates T. congolense-induced cytokine production in macrophages by inhibiting key signaling molecules and pathways associated with proinflammatory cytokine production.
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