Abstract

This paper evaluates the inertial soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects on linear and bilinear structures supported on foundation that is able to translate and rock when subject to near-fault ground motions. Through rigorous dimensional analysis, the peak structural responses (e.g. structural drift and total acceleration) of the soil–foundation–structure interacting (SFSI) systems are characterized by a set of dimensionless Π-parameters, which can decisively describe the interactive behavior of SFSI systems. By comparing the normalized structural responses of various structure–foundation systems with their fixed-base counterparts, the study reveals that SSI effects highly depend on the structure-to-pulse frequency ratio, Π ω , the foundation-to-structure stiffness ratio, Π k , damping coefficient of foundation impedance, Π c , the foundation rocking, and the development of nonlinearity in structures. For linear structures, the SSI effects are insignificant when the structure-to-pulse frequency ratio ( Π ω ) is smaller than 1.5 and can amplify the structural responses when Π ω is higher than 1.5. Foundation rocking can shift and enlarge the response amplification zone of SSI. For nonlinear structures, SSI tends to reduce the structural responses for Π ω <3 while can increase the ductility demands for Π ω ≥3. The bilinear structures may experience more significant SSI effects than linear structures in certain frequency ranges. The numerical simulations on ten real building cases exhibiting significant rocking and a detailed case study on a nine-story frame structure demonstrate the applicability of dimensional analysis results to predict the SSI effects on realistic building structures. The study demonstrates that the dimensional analysis provides a concise and systematic way of evaluating SSI effects.

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