Abstract
Metadiscourse is essential in establishing pragmatically effective academic written communication. However, little is known about how metadiscourse is used in written texts produced by tertiary level second language learners. This corpus-based linguistic research study aims to explore the frequencies and usages of metadiscourse markers in student essays written by Turkish learners of English and investigate the divergences from native speaker norms. As reference corpora, British Academic Written English (BAWE) and British National Corpus (BNC) were used. We found that in academic discourse, regardless of experience in writing (novice or expert) and L1 language background, interpersonal metadiscourse markers are used more frequently than textual metadiscourse markers. The commonalities between novice non-native and expert native writers together with differences between two native speaker groups suggest that pragmatic competence, particularly metadiscourse use, develops by experience regardless of L1 background.
Highlights
Metadiscourse is essential in establishing pragmatically effective academic written communication
We found that in academic discourse, regardless of experience in writing and L1 language background, interpersonal metadiscourse markers are used more frequently than textual metadiscourse markers
In this study, we explored the frequencies and usages of Metadiscourse markers (MDMs) in student essays written by Turkish learners of English who are considered as novice non-native writers in academic writing and investigate the divergences from native speaker norms by comparing the usages with two kinds of native speaker writers; namely, novice native speaker and expert native speaker
Summary
Metadiscourse is essential in establishing pragmatically effective academic written communication. Little is known about how metadiscourse is used in written texts produced by tertiary level second language learners. This corpus-based linguistic research study aims to explore the frequencies and usages of metadiscourse markers in student essays written by Turkish learners of English and investigate the divergences from native speaker norms. We found that in academic discourse, regardless of experience in writing (novice or expert) and L1 language background, interpersonal metadiscourse markers are used more frequently than textual metadiscourse markers. The commonalities between novice nonnative and expert native writers together with differences between two native speaker groups suggest that pragmatic competence, metadiscourse use, develops by experience regardless of L1 background
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