Diluted Lycopodium Induced Cell Death and Clinical Improvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with high incidence rate, and 5-year survival rate in HCC is less than 20%. Thus, in search of newer anticancer agents effective in HCC, we have explored possible usefulness of an alternative medicine Lycopodium against the human liver cancer cell line, HepG2 along with its clinical efficacy. The HepG2 cell line was challenged with Lycopodium 6C (diluted Lycopodium <1pg /mL available as alternative medicine) along with vehicle alcohol control in 24 hours. The cytopathic effect and viability test with methylene blue stain were observed. The cells were harvested for total RNA extraction, and gene expression levels of targeted cytokines -Interferon gamma (IFN γ); Interleukins - IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, Transforming Growth Factor- TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) by RT-PCR were studied. DNA fragmentation assay and cell viability assay by MTT method were also tested. After ethical permission we applied this medicine as adjunct therapy to observe any beneficial role of the medicine. Statistically significant changes of IL-10, IL-1β and TGF-β3 were observed after challenge with Lycopodium 6C. The IL-10 gene expression in malignant cells was significantly reduced with Lycopodium 6C; however, the expression is more with vehicle alcohol compared to normal control set. Thus, the medicine could decrease the excessive IL-10 gene expression to a moderate level. IL-1β and TGF-β3 gene up-regulation by the vehicle alcohol were also mitigated by the medicine Lycopodium 6C. Mild DNA fragmentation was also seen in cancer cells after challenge with the medicine. Two cases suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma showed much clinical improvement after therapy with this medicine. Lycopodium 6C may act as a supporting alternative medication for treating HCC.