Abstract
The aim of this article was to present the current research on coping with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and, on this basis, to indicate the implications of risk management in the situation of adaptation to the crisis or re-adaptation after its end. This article considers the psychological significance of the socially experienced situation based on the latest research conducted in Poland during the first wave of the pandemic. It is an attempt to show both the risk and protective factors, as well as possible remedial effects against unfavorable social and health phenomena, which are related to the increase in costs incurred by individuals in the process of experiencing the crisis and adaptation to the conditions after its end. These are considered in the context of the costs of adaptations used by individuals and of re-adaptation in the period of coping with COVID-19. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 13 psychological and sociological studies conducted so far in the first period of the pandemic. The results of the research show that the most difficult issue in the risk situation of the next wave of a pandemic is the lack of definition of its timeframe but also disinformation and fatigue. The results of the conducted analysis may become useful material for risk management professionals. An additional value of the article is that it presents ways of applying the conclusions resulting from the research, not only during the second wave of the pandemic but also in the necessary processes of re-adaptation to life without COVID-19.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation has had a significant impact on how people function from the perspective of individuals, as well as small and large groups in Poland and around the world
We tried to identify some relevant studies based on the question: “What is important when coping with the COVID-19 experience?” In the first part of the article, we present the conceptualization of the pandemic stress phenomenon from a psychological perspective
Among women from the epidemic group, the needs of autonomy and competences were less well met and more frustrated than in the control group; men from the epidemic group differed from the control group only by a higher frustration of autonomy
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation has had a significant impact on how people function from the perspective of individuals, as well as small (for example, families or workplace communities) and large groups (inhabitants of particular regions) in Poland and around the world. The aim of this study was to show the psychological consequences that were triggered by the processes of coping with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of risk factors and factors protecting the functioning of employees, both in the current situation (adaptation to the second and possibly third waves of the disease) and adaptation to the recovery phase that will come after the end of the pandemic. From the social perspective, pandemic stress, in accordance with the concept of salutogenesis, results primarily from the imbalance between the challenges faced by an individual (e.g., social isolation, remote work, home education, loss or reduction of income, lack of information, previous obligations and lifestyle, vision of the world) and resources allowing the individual to deal with them (e.g., the unpreparedness of the health service, unclear market situation, ongoing processes of disinformation, lack of proven procedures and methods of conduct, no vision of future accidents).
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