Abstract
Resumo Este estudo objetiva identificar e discutir dilemas bioéticos na assistência médica a gestantes adolescentes. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, a partir de artigos indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde entre 2010 e 2015. Foram selecionados dois artigos que abordam a temática. De acordo com os estudos, houve queda significativa no número de partos entre jovens nos últimos cinco anos. Contudo, os índices ainda são preocupantes. Em consequência disso, encontraram-se dois eventos na relação médico-gestante adolescente: ética médica e aborto induzido, constando a autonomia e a não maleficência como dilemas bioéticos. A bioética proporciona reflexões sistemáticas ao envolver profissionais de saúde e educação na promoção da saúde sexual e ao dar assistência imediata às adolescentes, incluindo medidas preventivas de gravidez indesejada, com o intuito de evitar incidência de aborto e submissão das jovens a serviços clandestinos.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to identify and to discuss some bioethical aspects involved in medical assistance to pregnant teenagers
Justice corresponds to the formal principle of fairness, which determines fair, equitable and universal distribution of social duties and benefits . 14-16 Considering the bases of the theory of principlism, as well as the social morality regarding pregnancy in this age group, this study aims to identify and discuss bioethical dilemmas in the medical care provided to pregnant teenagers
An integrative descriptive review of literature was performed, based on the critical analysis and discussion of articles indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database and with keywords validated in Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): “Pregnancy in adolescence and bioethics”, “adolescent and bioethics” correlated with the Boolean operator “and”
Summary
The aim of this study is to identify and to discuss some bioethical aspects involved in medical assistance to pregnant teenagers. Teenage pregnancy can be considered a public health problem, considering the number of pregnant women included in this profile and the high rates of complications such as maternal anemia, fetal distress during childbirth, cephalopelvic disproportion and lesions in the vaginal canal, as well as problems such as a potential increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in this age group 4-6. Some authors attribute this type of pregnancy to factors such as living with a partner, low income, early initiation of a sexual life, the influence of friends and family restructuring 7,8
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