Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Materials and Its Applications: A Review.

Wei Wei Bao,Rui Li,Jing Hua,Xin Shi,Jie Ting Geng,Jian Tang,Zhi Cheng Dai,Zhi Feng Deng

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.00679

Abstract

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives have been widely studied in the past few years due to its intrinsic physical and chemical properties, such as strong electron-withdrawing, deep color, high charge carrier mobility, strong aggregation, good thermal-/photo-stability. In the 1970s, DPP was developed and used only in inks, paints, and plastics. Later, DPP containing materials were found to have potential other applications, typically in electronic devices, which attracted the attention of scientists. In this feature article, the synthesis pathway of DPP-based materials and their applications in organic field-effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, sensors, two photo-absorption materials, and others are reviewed, and possible future applications are discussed. The review outlines a theoretical scaffold for the development of conjugated DPP-based materials, which have multiple potential applications.

Highlights

In the past few years, extensive research has developed novel π-conjugated materials, examining different ways to use them in various applications, including organic field-effect transistors (OFET), solar cells, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), coatings, sensors, and so on (Eom et al, 2017; Huang and Li, 2018; Deng et al, 2019; Kwon et al, 2020)
To the best of our knowledge, these NFSOCs showed the best performance among the DPP-based solar cells with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 12.08%
DPP-based conjugated materials, typically the thiophene-flanked DPP, often showed broad absorption spectra with NIR tail, high charge carrier mobility, and crystallinity, it is widely used in OSCs

Summary

INTRODUCTION

In the past few years, extensive research has developed novel π-conjugated materials, examining different ways to use them in various applications, including organic field-effect transistors (OFET), solar cells, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), coatings, sensors, and so on (Eom et al, 2017; Huang and Li, 2018; Deng et al, 2019; Kwon et al, 2020). The DPP pigment has a high profile and often plays an important role in the molecular design concept for high-performance materials in OSCs. In 2008, Janssen’s group reported a polymer containing thiophene-flanked DPP and bithiophene and used it to construct bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with C60 and PC70BM, which showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 4.0% with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V (Wienk et al, 2008). DPP-based conjugated materials, typically the thiophene-flanked DPP, often showed broad absorption spectra with NIR tail, high charge carrier mobility, and crystallinity, it is widely used in OSCs. Further functionalization of DPP materials, such as furanone-/seleneyl-flanked DPP or isoDPP, combined with optimizing device fabrication, might be critical in realizing high performance OSCs. A chromophore bonded with a specific analyte can cause either an increase or decrease in the emission/absorption intensity, accompanied by the phenomenon of a red or blue shift of the emission band or absorption band. These materials have not been synthesized, but through the development of molecular design concepts, multi-photon absorption materials based on DPP derivatives are on the way

Other Applications

Findings

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS