Abstract
Abstract Handover is one of the key operations in the mobility management of long-term evolution (LTE)-based systems. Hard handover decided by handover margin and time to trigger (TTT) has been adopted in third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE with the purpose of reducing the complexity of network architecture. Various handover algorithms, however, have been proposed for 3GPP LTE to maximize the system goodput and minimize packet delay. In this paper, a new handover approach enhancing the existing handover schemes is proposed. It is mainly based on the two notions of handover management: lazy handover for avoiding ping-pong effect and early handover for handling real-time services. Lazy handover is supported by disallowing handover before the TTT window expires, while early handover is supported even before the window expires if the rate change in signal power is very large. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with two well-known handover algorithms based on goodput per cell, average packet delay, number of handovers per second, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. The simulation with LTE-Sim reveals that the proposed scheme significantly enhances the goodput while reducing packet delay and unnecessary handover.
Highlights
Long-term evolution (LTE) refers to a new high-performance air interface in the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 3GPP LTE is a purely packet-switched radio access telecommunication technology, providing excellent service for 4G networks at high data rate and low latency
It reveals that DIHAT is the most effective handover mechanism compared with standardHO and integratorHO based on goodput per cell, packet delay, and number of handovers per second
5 Conclusions Handover is an essential operation in wireless network including LTE, especially for high-speed real-time service
Summary
Long-term evolution (LTE) refers to a new high-performance air interface in the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 3GPP LTE is a purely packet-switched radio access telecommunication technology, providing excellent service for 4G networks at high data rate and low latency. 3.1 The operational mechanism The proposed DIHAT scheme makes the handover decision when the integrated difference in the RSRPs consistently exceeds the trigger threshold during the entire TTT window to avoid the ping-pong effect. Recall that in the proposed DIHAT algorithm, handover is triggered if Equation is met during the entire TTT window This will reduce the probability of ping-pong effect and allow high channel quality by continuously tracing the signal strengths. Equation indicates that the filtered RSRP difference between the target eNodeB and serving eNodeB is larger than HOM, which allows DIHAT to avoid ping-pong effect. 4.1 Performance metrics The performance of the existing handover algorithms mentioned earlier and the proposed one are evaluated based on the following metrics: goodput per cell, packet delay, number of handovers per second, and received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, average packet loss rate, and invalid packet rate. Ð23Þ packrecv where packinvd is the total number of the packets arriving at their destination beyond the delay bound, packrecv is
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