Digitalization in Buildings and Smart Cities on the Way to 6G

Walter Konhäuser

doi:10.1007/s11277-021-09069-9

Abstract

The energy turnaround created a high volatility in the energy production based on renewable energy. To integrate renewable energy economically in buildings and smart cities an additional concept of energy storage and energy supply based on energy management concepts must be claimed. The political views have changed during the last years and energy efficiency in buildings is seen important because 35% of greenhouse gas is produced by the final energy consumption. The deployment of local energy production concepts is an important step to energy turnaround. To generate and distribute energy effectively in buildings, digital components such as sensors, actuators, meters, and energy management systems must be installed in the buildings and the digital components must be able to communicate via communication networks. The paper describes systems for local energy generation, necessary communication networks for buildings and smart cities and digitization applications in industrial buildings. As an example of energy management, the Oktett64 system is presented, which is based on Enterprise IT technology and has implemented AI and blockchain technology. Digitalization with platforms such as Oktett64 are based on technologies that are superior to today's often commercially available Programmable Logic Controllers. The article also shows how the future mobile communications standards 5G beyond and 6G can offer special solutions for the digitization of buildings in their edge clouds.

Highlights

The energy transition initiated by the political policy and the increasing impact of renewable energy consumption in real estate require an additional effective concept of local energy production and energy consumption
IAV experts are focusing on controlling the UAVs by Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G and in future 5G beyond and 6G on evaluating sensor data and on safety while they are in flight
The success of a new generation of mobile communication systems is mainly based on new technologies which enables new applications to address new market potentials. 5G and future 5G beyond on the way to 6G is expected to address with new services industry, energy, mobility, real estate industry, etc. and will generate a high number of applications

Summary

Introduction

The energy transition initiated by the political policy and the increasing impact of renewable energy consumption in real estate require an additional effective concept of local energy production and energy consumption. Balancing energy consumption between energy production and purchase of energy can only be achieved by an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective energy management system. Local data generation in Smart buildings and Smart cities from sensors, actuators and meters use suitable radio technology as e.g., Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, EnOcean, Z-Wave, KNX-RF. Local date generation can be managed by Software platforms with fast links to different IoT radio technologies. Real estate is supplied with electrical energy from central power plants that run on fossil fuels via transmission

Examples of Digital Services in Buildings and Smart Cities

Digitalisation and Control of Industry Systems with Oktett64

Some More Proposed Requirements on the Way to 6G

Conclusions

Findings

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