Abstract
Digital videos are now low-cost, easy to capture and easy to share on social media due to the common feature of video recording in smart phones and digital devices. However, with the advancement of video editing tools, videos can be tampered (forged) easily for propaganda or to gain illegal advantages—ultimately, the authenticity of videos shared on social media cannot be taken for granted. Over the years, significant research has been devoted to developing new techniques for detecting different types of video tampering. In this paper, we offer a detailed review of existing passive video tampering detection techniques in a systematic way. The answers to research questions prepared for this study are also elaborated. The state-of-the-art research work is analyzed extensively, highlighting the pros and cons and commonly used datasets. Limitations of existing video forensic algorithms are discussed, and we conclude with research challenges and future directions.
Highlights
The availability of sophisticated low-cost digital video cameras in mobile phones, gadgets, and a large number of video-sharing websites such as (YouTube, Facebook, and Dailymotion) play an important role in daily life to disseminate and share visual information
To provide a real, practically applicable solution to forgery detection and localization challenges, a comprehensive, economically feasible and versatile forensic system is needed, which is a combination of different kinds of video forgery detection techniques, where each specialized technique is responsible for detecting the types of forgery it has been developed to tackle
Tion to forgery detection and localization challenges, a comprehensive, economically feasible and versatile forensic system is needed, which is a combination of different kinds of video forgery detection techniques, where each specialized technique is responsible for detecting the types of forgery it has been developed to tackle
Summary
The availability of sophisticated low-cost digital video cameras in mobile phones, gadgets, and a large number of video-sharing websites such as (YouTube, Facebook, and Dailymotion) play an important role in daily life to disseminate and share visual information. Videos are not accepted without their forensic reports as a matter of evidence by law enforcement agencies. The film industry benefits from video editing technologies to add virtual reality in scenes. Video evidence is important for news reporting, intelligence agencies, insurance companies, copywriting, criminal investigations, etc. Forensic analysis of videos and images is the focus of recent research to ensure the authenticity of multimedia content [3]. Such research is never ending due to the progressive advancement in video editing tools
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