Abstract
Abstract. This paper describes the methodology employed in 2020 to perform the 3D survey of the Tomb TT214 at Deir al-Medina (Egypt). The aim of the archaeological mission was to integrate the evidence collected in the past on this tomb with a fresh survey a detailed study of some of its elements and an evaluation of its needs in terms of conservation. In order to achieve this result, the collapse that blocked the entrance to the burial chamber had to be removed, the courtyard was cleared, and the decorated walls and blocks were inspected and surveyed. Digital imaging was used to document all these phases and portions of the work. The aim of the survey team was to identify the most efficient combination of tools and methods to be used during these logistically complex operations, during which it was necessary to coordinate the work of various specialists and of the workmen, as well as to negotiate with the environmental difficulties and constrains. The survey was conducted at two scales, one for the architecture of the funerary complex and one for minute details such as inscriptions and decorations. Beside the routine process, both sets of data underwent a further level of elaboration, in order to extract and highlight further information. The final result of the survey was a navigable 3D model able to produce different outputs, all designed to support the archaeologists on the field and during the post-fieldwork phase of the elaboration of the results. The elaboration of such an integrated model may be paired to the progressive construction of a Digital Twin, a term born from the manufacturing and industrial realm but that may be successfully exported into the archaeological realm.
Highlights
Between January and February 2020, a team from Museo Egizio, Torino, in collaboration with the A.B.C
The specific aims of the work performed in 2020 were to remove the collapsed material blocking the entrance to the burial chamber, consolidate the side walls, perform a 3D survey of the architecture and the decoration of the entire tomb, and to install a metal door with locks to ensure the protection and guarantee easy access for the future studies (IFAO, 2021)
Three-dimensional models may be constructed by using laser scanners or photogrammetry
Summary
Between January and February 2020, a team from Museo Egizio, Torino, in collaboration with the A.B.C. The 2020 season focussed on the rock-cut tomb identified by the number TT214, which belonged to Khawy, his wife Taweret and his son Huy, who lived at Deir al-Medina during the reign of Ramesses II (New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, 1279-1213 BC) The aim of this new mission was to integrate the scattered information on this tomb that had been collected in the past with fresh observations and elaborations, and to set them within a new framework. During the reign of Ramses XI, the growing lack of order and security forced the inhabitants to leave the village and move into the fortified walls of the temple of Medinet Habu, located nearby at the edge of the cultivation They only returned in the village on sporadic occasions, and the settlement was abandoned at the end of the New Kingdom, when the central power decided to stop burying members of the royal family in the Valleys of the Kings and of the Queens. Houses and tombs yielded a wealth of objects and information on the daily life, social structure, religious beliefs and artistic skills of the community who lived and worked there
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