Digital Transformation in Higher Education for Developing Countries: Systematic Literature Approach

Abstract

This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the recent investigations on the process of higher education's digital transformation, particularly in developing nations. Publish or Perish v8 Software was used to conduct a systematic literature review. Initially, there were 40 papers selected, but after several search strategies as follows: Determination of search phrases based on research questions; Finding suitable search terms in titles, abstracts, and keywords; Identification of search term synonyms, other spellings, and antonyms, the number of articles to be examined has been decreased to 30. Through descriptive analysis, we try to respond to these two research questions: 1) the process of digital transformation in developing countries' higher education, and 2) what challenges do these developments present? Based on the analysis, the process of digital transformation lies in 4 processes which are planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating. The process involved was the internal business process and the educational program. While the challenges come from the lack of expertise, lack of facilities, and uncertain economic condition. Several strategies are needed to support the digital transformation in developing countries' higher education.