Abstract
Digitalization has enabled infrastructure and cities to be “smarter”; the use of physical space and energy, the transmission of information, the management of users, assets and processes, the operation of businesses and companies have been progressively digitalized. The main challenges of a Smart City is its definition, scope and interconnections; there are different approaches to Smart City implementations that vary from collaborative multidisciplinary environments, the addition of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) within its physical fabric to the use of Big Data for higher abstraction decisions. This paper presents the concept of Digital as a Service (DaaS), where any complete digitalization can be implemented independently of its associated physical infrastructure in a Cloud environment; DasS would enable an interoperable Virtual Digital Infrastructure (VDI). In addition, this paper reviews the current Digital Systems, Transmission Networks, Servers and Management Systems. The next Industrial Revolution will be founded on Artificial Intelligence that will entirely replace humans by taking production and management decisions based on the Internet of Things (IoT), the Cloud, BlockChain, Big Data, Virtual Reality and the combination of digital and real infrastructure or city. Digital as a Service would be its enabler by providing the entire interconnection, integration and virtualization of its Space, Services and Structure (3S).
Highlights
Digitalization has enabled infrastructure to become smarter
The concept of smart and connected communities is based on the Internet of Things (IoT), crowd sensing and cyber-physical cloud computing to provide a comprehensive network of connected devices [18]; in addition smart sensors and big data analytics to enable the move from IoT to real-time control
The recent vision of the Future Internet (FI), and its particular components, IoT and Internet of Services (IoS) can become building blocks to progress towards a unified urban-scale Information and Communications Technology (ICT) platform transforming a Smart City into an open innovation platform [22]; the proposed generic implementation is based on an Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) model that meets the requirements of open, federated and trusted platforms
Summary
Digitalization has enabled infrastructure to become smarter. The optimum use of physical space and energy, the proactive management of users, assets and processes, the efficient operation of businesses and companies have gradually benefited from the digitalization process. The digital twin will not be only based on a Building Information Modeling (BIM) resembling the physical infrastructure; Smart City models will converge and merge into the artificial city: the Internet and the Web. Smart cities must have drivers in order to be effective; success can be measured as increment of the quality of life of its citizens while providing a return of investment. Digital as a Service would be the Fifth Revolution enabler by providing the entire interconnection independent sensors, assets or components, integration of information or the “Big Data” and virtualization of its Space, Services and Structure (3S). A review of Smart Cities and digitalization is presented on Section 2; this includes its different definitions, collaboration approaches, Information and Communication Technology consideration, Big Data application, Energy requirements and the Blockchain.
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