Digital Subtraction Angiography Contrast Material Transport as a Direct Assessment for Blood Perfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis.

Yun-Hao Lu,Zhi-Yong Li,Yi Zhang,Rui Wang,Yan Cai

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.716173

Yun-Hao Lu, Zhi-Yong Li + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.716173

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Abstract

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a fluoroscopic technique used extensively in interventional radiology for visualizing blood vessels. It has also been used to evaluate blood perfusion. However, the perfusion obtained in previous techniques was extracted from signal intensity rather than by the transport of contrast material (CM) through blood flow. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the morphological effects on the hemodynamics and the CM concentration in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis. We proposed a quantitative parameter, i.e., contrast material remaining time (CMRT), to describe the variation in the transport of CM over time. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on both reconstructive synthetic and patient-derived models. In the synthetic models, we evaluated the variation of flow patterns and the transport of CM with different degrees of stenosis and the location of the lesion. It was found that an increase in the degree of stenosis (from 30 to 80%) resulted in a significant increase in CMRT at the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) outlet (p = 0.0238) and a significant decrease in CMRT at the MCA outlet (p = 0.012). The patient-derived models were reconstructed from the pre- and post-interventional DSA images of a patient with MCA stenosis. Both blood flow velocity and CMRT increased at the ACA outlet but decreased at the MCA outlet. The perfusion analysis demonstrated that the perfusion function was improved after interventional surgery. In conclusion, changes in stenotic degree at MCA may lead to apparent differences in the hemodynamic distribution and the transport of CM. CMRT could be a quantitative indicator to evaluate the changes in blood perfusion after the intervention for MCA stenosis.

Highlights

In recent years, the increase in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CAD) leads to a significant increase in atherosclerosis diagnoses and interventional surgeries (Ahmed et al, 2012; Nevidomskyte et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019), whereas the noninvasive imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI, provide the objective data with the prognostic value
We focused on the bifurcation region from internal carotid artery (ICA) into anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)
In severe stenosis, the distal velocity at the MCA reduced to 0.2 m/s compared with the mild case with 0.5 m/s

Summary

Introduction

The increase in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CAD) leads to a significant increase in atherosclerosis diagnoses and interventional surgeries (Ahmed et al, 2012; Nevidomskyte et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019), whereas the noninvasive imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI, provide the objective data with the prognostic value. The digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is still the “golden standard” for evaluating artery anatomy, especially at the stenotic lesion (Chng et al, 2008; Ma et al, 2010; Chien and Viñuela, 2013; Ionita et al, 2014; Akiyama et al, 2016; Huang et al, 2016). There is a need for quantitative or parametric descriptions of blood flow through the vasculature by extracting the temporal information of the DSA, which would add its value to the ability to both diagnose and determine the effects of therapeutic interventions (Divani et al, 2006; Strother et al, 2010)

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