Abstract
Soft X-ray imaging of agricultural products for quality determination is gaining worldwideinterest. Recent advances in technology have made it possible to capture and store orinstantaneously process digital X-ray images at higher resolution for lower cost. An X-ray imagingsystem was developed and calibrated to capture images with a resolution of 1024 x 1024 pixels in 50mm x 50 mm area. Maximum X-ray tube voltage was 50 kVp, maximum current 1 mA, and signalintegration time ranged from 460 to 6700 ms. The system consist of an X-ray source tube producingpolychromatic X-rays, a camera composed of CMOS photodiode arrays, a frame grabber, and a dataacquisition and control card. Because the X-ray beam is polychromatic, and the detector responsesare variable, calibration is necessary to relate image intensity to X-ray intensity. Imprecision of thesystem was 1.62 gray level for 8-bit pixel depth. Response, measured as mean pixel intensity,varied linearly with X-ray tube current and integration time and had a quadratic relationship with peaktube voltage. A statistical model was developed to estimate blank image intensity at higher voltagesand currents. Prediction and validation errors for the model were 1.18 and 2.72 gray level,respectively. The Beam hardening effect was demonstrated using polystyrene.
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