Digital PID Controller based Speed Control of DC Motor

Abstract

PID controllers are commonly utilised in industry because of their ease of use and adaptability. To adjust these controllers for desirable responses, a number of tuning rules have been developed. This work aims to regulate a robotic vehicle's speed by utilising a PID controller to adjust the motor speed in reaction to impediments. We offer a technique that uses an Arduino microcontroller to automatically tune the PID controller to control the speed of a DC motor. An Arduino Uno device interfaces the DC motor with Simulink and functions as an affordable data collecting device. In order to maintain the motor speed within setpoint limitations, the PID controller modifies it in response to object distance data obtained from sensors. The study suggests utilising a PID controller to regulate the DC motor's angular speed and a microcontroller to implement it in hardware. The L298 motor controller is utilised, the encoder sensor determines angular speed, while the Arduino Uno is utilised for data processing. The proportional controller affects rising time, overestimation, and steady-state errors in the hardware implementation. Overshoot and undershoot are impacted by the integral controller, although overshoot is very slightly impacted by the derivative controller. Top of Form Keywords— Arduino Controller, LCD Display, PID Controller, DC Motor, Motor Driver etc.