Abstract
ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to analyze the effects of single posterior implant restorations delivery on the redistribution of bite force and to evaluate the changes in occlusal force distribution of prostheses and potential influencing factors on occlusion variation at different stages.Materials and methodsThirty-two single posterior restorations in 30 participants (18 women and 12 men aged 27 to 75 years) were placed into either a unilateral single-tooth defect (n = 17) or on either side of a bilateral teeth defects (n = 15). The bite force (%) of the prostheses, teeth and segments at the maximum intercuspation position (MIP) was evaluated using a T-scan at 5 stages (pre-placement, immediately following placement, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-placement).ResultsThe occlusal force of implant-supported prostheses was significantly (P = .000) lower than those of the control natural teeth at the baseline, then no significant difference was found with that of the mesial teeth at 3 months, and finally it was significantly (P = .000) lower than that of the distal teeth at 6 months; meanwhile, it significantly (P = .008) increased by a mean of 2.04 times from 2 weeks (3.39 ± 2.61%) to 3 months (6.90 ± 4.77%), whereas no significant difference (P = .900) was found from 3 months (6.90 ± 4.77%) to 6 months (7.31 ± 4.60%). In addition, the bite force of the posterior segment on the restored side of both unilateral and bilateral gaps was significantly (P = .013,.001) improved by 3.31% and 6.83%, respectively, although the discrepancy in bite force significantly (P = .039) increased from an initial 3.52% to 5.02% for subjects with bilateral defects, accompanying increases in the proportion (15.38%) of the level III bilateral bite force deviation (P >.05).ConclusionsBite force and masticatory ability can be improved with the immediate delivery of a single posterior implant restoration. The bite force distributed on the implant prosthesis inevitably increases after placement of implant prostheses, a routine follow-up and occlusal evaluation are strongly needed.
Highlights
The occlusion of dental implants has characteristics inherently similar to natural and restored dentitions, but the biophysiological differences between a tooth and an implant make it impossible to apply the natural teeth occlusion concept to dental implants directly
Bite force and masticatory ability can be improved with the immediate delivery of a single posterior implant restoration
The bite force distributed on the implant prosthesis inevitably increases after placement of implant prostheses, a routine follow-up and occlusal evaluation are strongly needed
Summary
The occlusion of dental implants has characteristics inherently similar to natural and restored dentitions, but the biophysiological differences between a tooth and an implant make it impossible to apply the natural teeth occlusion concept to dental implants directly. Compared with natural dentition supported by the periodontal ligament (PDL), the displacement of osseointegrated dental implants has been reported to be approximately 3–5 μm vertically and 10–50 μm laterally, while the values of natural teeth are 25–100 μm and 56–108 μm, respectively [1,2,3]. The delivery of implant prostheses has a positive effect on the maintenance of the functional tooth unit (FTU), which is defined as two opposing teeth occluding each other [14, 15]. As the smallest possible increment of FTUs, due to the“light contact”characteristic, coupled with the patient’s personal anatomy as well as the complexity of the occlusion, the effect of a single posterior dental implant-supported restoration loading on the distribution of occlusal force remains questionable, and the stability of this new occlusion constructed by implant prosthesis insertion is still in doubt [16]. Current studies are either in vitro or animal experiments, or mainly clinical retrospective studies and case reports [17], objective and quantitative clinical trials and evidences support are lacking [18, 19]
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