Abstract

A new approach is proposed for the design of N × N multimode interference (MMI) couplers which maximizes the number of their input/output ports. It replaces the multimode waveguides of conventional N × N MMI couplers with digital multimode waveguides which are made of arrays of strongly-coupled single-mode waveguides. Then, the separation between the waveguides in these arrays is modulated to minimize the phase errors of their guided modes. This minimization enables designing digital N × N MMI couplers with larger number of input/output ports compared to conventional couplers. A numerical example of a digital 16×16 MMI coupler is presented and simulated by a beam propagation method.

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