Digital mammography: M-channel quadrature mirror filters (QMFs) for microcalcification extraction

Abstract

Multiresolution methods are reported for feature extraction in breast cancer screening using digital mammography. The initial application is directed at the detection of microcalcification clusters (MCCs). Quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks, using both two and three channel are proposed for the first time for both multiresolution decomposition and reconstruction. These filters are specifically tailored for automatic extraction of MCCs. The QMF multiresolution methods are compared to two channel tree structured wavelet transforms (TSWTs) methods previously reported. The QMF filters are preceded by an advanced tree structured nonlinear filter for noise suppression, prior to feature extraction, in order to minimize the false positive (FP) detection rate in digital mammography. The relative performance of these methods were evaluated using both simulated images and fifteen representative digitized mammograms containing biopsy proven microcalcification clusters. Similar high sensitivity (true positive (TP) detection rate (100%) and high specificity (0.6 average false positive (FP) MCC's/image) were observed, substantially better than more traditional approaches using single scale filters. The three channel QMF method, however, demonstrated better detail preservation of MCC's extracted compared to the two channel method. Detail preservation is important for the characterization of MCC's or individual microcalcifications in cancer screening.