Abstract
The aim of this paper is to classify the land covered with oat crops, and the quantification of frost damage on oats, while plants are still in the flowering stage. The images are taken by a digital colour camera CCD-based sensor. Unsupervised classification methods are applied because the plants present different spectral signatures, depending on two main factors: illumination and the affected state. The colour space used in this application is CIELab, based on the decomposition of the colour in three channels, because it is the closest to human colour perception. The histogram of each channel is successively split into regions by thresholding. The best threshold to be applied is automatically obtained as a combination of three thresholding strategies: (a) Otsu’s method, (b) Isodata algorithm, and (c) Fuzzy thresholding. The fusion of these automatic thresholding techniques and the design of the classification strategy are some of the main findings of the paper, which allows an estimation of the damages and a prediction of the oat production.
Highlights
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most cropped cereals in the World [1], with an annual production of 26 million tons of grain [2]
The digital image sensor was previously calibrated in order to estimate the intrinsic
In order to show the performance of the proposed automatic unsupervised strategy, the images under study are briefly described and the new classification strategy is explained
Summary
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most cropped cereals in the World [1], with an annual production of 26 million tons of grain [2]. During the growing season 2005 and 2009 frost damage affected an area of 76,166 ha [3,4] causing substantial losses. Before the initiation of flowering, usually 8–10 weeks after germination, cereal plants are capable of withstanding extreme cold. The most susceptible developmental stage to frost damage is the period from pre-heading to flowering, after ear emergence. The reaction of the oat plant to frost changes markedly. To sum up the effects of frost damage on cereals: during and after ear emergence plants become very susceptible to frost injury. Frost damage after head-emergence often causes severe stem and head damage. The connection between the head and the rest of the plant is affected, and the head dies
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