Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the arterial system is a very important parameter to evaluate cardiovascular health. Currently, however, there is no golden standard for PWV measurement. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used for full-field time-resolved assessment of displacement, velocity, acceleration, and strains of the skin in the neck directly above the common carotid artery. By assessing these parameters, propagation of the pulse wave could be tracked, leading to a new method for PWV detection based on DIC. The method was tested on five healthy subjects. As a means of validation, PWV was measured with ultrasound (US) as well. Measured PWV values were between 3.68 and 5.19 m/s as measured with DIC and between 5.14 and 6.58 m/s as measured with US, with a maximum absolute difference of 2.78 m/s between the two methods. DIC measurements of the neck region can serve as a test base for determining a robust strategy for PWV detection, they can serve as reference for three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction models, or they may even evolve into a screening method of their own. Moreover, full-field, time-resolved DIC can be adapted for other applications in biomechanics.
Highlights
In digital image correlation (DIC), a speckle pattern is physically applied to an object
When the time domain of the signal is analyzed for the specific points in the shape of the pulse wave, such as the maximum of acceleration, or the dicrotic notch, maps can be made of the relative progress of the pulse wave
When the signal was considered along the trajectory of the artery, it can be observed that the pulse wave propagates in the segment
Summary
In digital image correlation (DIC), a speckle pattern is physically applied to an object. Coordinates of points, labeled by the randomly applied stochastic (speckled) pattern are captured with a camera and identified with an image correlation.[1] These points are followed when the object is deformed and displacements are acquired with subpixel resolution. Full-field, threedimensional (3-D) surface results can be acquired using a stereo camera system. Image analysis is computationally intensive, increasing computer power has made the technique more popular[2] resulting in biomechanical applications such as strain measurements on human bone and tendon,[3] on mouse arteries,[4] on mouse bone,[5] and on finch beak.[6]
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