Abstract
Three-dimensional digital technology is important in the maintenance and monitoring of archeological sites. This paper focuses on using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 pro) photogrammetry to establish a three-dimensional model and associated digital documentation of Beaufort castle (Arnoun, South Lebanon). The overall discrepancy between the two technologies was sufficient for the generation of convergent data. Thus, the terrestrial laser scanning and phantom 4 photogrammetry data were aligned and merged post-conversion into compatible extensions. A three-D dimensional (3D) model, with planar and perpendicular geometries, based on the hybrid datapoint cloud was developed. This study demonstrates the potential of using the integration of terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry in 3D digital documentation and spatial analysis of the Lebanese archeological sites.
Highlights
Three-dimensional digital technology is important in the maintenance and monitoring of archeological sites
Cloud Compare is a 3D point cloud processing software such as those obtained with a laser scanner or Digital image
The two models are integrated by the registration of point clouds using the ICP tool, and by taking the reference: laser Scanner, and photogrammetry (Figure 4)
Summary
Laser scanning is a quite efficient survey method to reduce costs. Surveys are realized by a laser scanner which allows quick surveying (scanning) of landscapes and structures: their furnishings and arrangements as well as installations. Laser scanning of buried archaeological elements will provide an effective solution to their visualization This will increase the chance for the community to appreciate these findings, rather than keeping this experience exclusive for archaeologists that took part in the excavation. Our project aims to monitor and develop a 3D model of Beaufort Castle (Qala’at Shaqif Arnoun); a historical touristic attraction, and one of the most important Lebanese monuments, using surveying techniques; Laser Scanning, GPS, AutoCAD, and drone. These techniques allow us to construct a 3D surface model by locating points in the ground called ground control points (GCP). With known coordinates and elevation, we can obtain accurate results using specific software for drones, to conduct a mission plan before flying
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