Abstract
As a vital component of plant cell walls, proteins play important roles in stress response by modifying the structure of cell walls and involving in the wall integrity signaling pathway. Recently, we have critically reviewed the predictors, databases, and cross-referencing of the subcellular locations of possible cell wall proteins (CWPs) in plants (Briefings in Bioinformatics 2018;19:1130–1140). Here, we briefly introduce strategies for isolating CWPs during proteomic analysis. Taking maize (Zea mays) as an example, we retrieved 1873 probable maize CWPs recorded in the UniProt KnowledgeBase (UniProtKB). After curation, 863 maize CWPs were identified and classified into 59 kinds of protein families. By referring to gene ontology (GO) annotations and gene differential expression in the Expression Atlas, we have highlighted the potential of CWPs acting in the front line of defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the analysis results of cis-acting elements revealed the responsiveness of the genes encoding CWPs toward phytohormones and various stresses. We suggest that the stress-responsive CWPs could be promising candidates for applications in developing varieties of stress-resistant maize.
Highlights
Crops, such as maize, wheat, and rice, are cultivated Worldwide as staple food
Its role is substantially affected by the activity of cell wall proteins (CWPs) that account for 10% of the dry mass of primary cell walls (Wolf et al, 2012; Lin et al, 2017)
Only limited stress-related genes/proteins are available, and there are no reports on the use of CWPs for enhancing the stress resistance of crops
Summary
Crops, such as maize, wheat, and rice, are cultivated Worldwide as staple food. Under field conditions, crops are subjected to various abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, cold, salt, and heat) and biotic stresses (e.g., pests and pathogens) (Baillo et al, 2019), which affect plant growth and crop yields. The proteome-wide differential analysis of two tolerant-contrast varieties, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based approaches can provide quantitative variations in protein abundance under stress conditions (Zhu et al, 2007; Zhang H. et al, 2018; Jia et al, 2020; Kruse et al, 2020) and are widely used to discover stress-responsive proteins for the improvement of crop resistance. 36 kinds of maize CWPs are found to respond to various stresses, with a distinct set of FIGURE 1 | Molecular function, subcellular location, and possible roles of representative Maize cell wall proteins (CWPs) in stress responses. A few studies have proved that maize ECA has a key role in several biotic stresses due to fungi, bacteria and insect herbivory (Huynh et al, 1992; Moore et al, 2004; Doehlemann et al, 2008; Peethambaran et al, 2010; Mohammadi et al, 2011; Ray et al, 2016), having direct antifungal activity via the degradation of fungal cell walls (Wang et al, 2019)
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