Abstract
The main dietary carbohydrates are starch, cell wall polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins), some monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose, etc.) and oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, alpha-galactosides, etc.). Recent analytical methods applied to these substances are described and criticized. A-type starches (cereals), cooked starches and some oligosaccharides are mainly digested in the small intestine of monogastric animals by enzymes of the salivary glands, pancreas and intestinal brush border. The total digestibility of these carbohydrates is almost 100%, whereas it is less than 70% for B-type starches (ex. potato). Cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and some oligosaccharides are partly digested by the microflora of the large intestine. Fiber total digestibility varies considerably and depends on the nature of the fiber and the animal species. It is less than 10% in chickens, whereas pigs seem to digest fibers as well as sheep. Hydrothermic treatments usually have no effect on starch digestibility but can be used for B-type starches. Some chemical treatments may improve fiber digestibility in monogastric animals.
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